Interpretation of pumping test data from large diameter wells on an oceanic island   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. S. Singh 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(2):168-170

 Estimation of aquifer parameters is vital for the assessment of groundwater potential and groundwater flow regime. On an oceanic island where fresh water lens is fragile and sensitive to various stresses, it is even more essential that in order to assess the potential of fresh water lens and the effect of various stresses on the fresh groundwater regime the parameters should be representative to the field hydrogeological set up. Pumping tests conducted on existing large diameter wells on an oceanic island have been analyzed. A finite difference method has been used to take into account the well storage, partial penetration and upconing effect into the aquifer. Forward modeling has been carried out to estimate aquifer parameters from the pumping test data. Field examples are described. Received: 15 June 1998 · Accepted: 25 August 1998  相似文献   

In-situ geotechnical experimentation and stability evaluation of an instrumented 180 m×70 m×12.5 m fill dike constructed on laminated soft ground     

A. S. Al-Homoud  Colin Makinson  A. B. Tal  J. G. Penman 《Environmental Geology》1999,39(2):177-196

 An instrumented trial-fill dike was constructed on soft, laminated soils of the Lisan Peninsula foreshore of the Dead Sea. The earthwork had base dimensions of 180 m by approximately 70 m wide and was raised in two stages to a maximum height of 12.5 m above original ground level. The geotechnical data of the dike were monitored in order to: assess the short- and long-term strength of the foundation, obtain and analyze the pore-pressure response of the foundation soils for potential use in construction control, obtain data on embankment settlement in order to refine end-of-construction and post-construction settlement assessments, and optimize the height of the dike to be constructed by providing information on the construction sequence for use in calculation of capital costs and alternative layouts and dike heights. The successful completion of the trial dike has demonstrated that steep-side dikes up to 12.5 m high can be constructed rapidly on soft soils. The construction of the trial dike has therefore proved a very substantial benefit to the evaluation of the likely performance of a dike constructed along the Lisan shore. The key factor which made this fast construction possible was the unexpected, very rapid consolidation of the majority of the foundation soil which has been shown to occur. The principal observations from the trial dike were: (1) end of construction settlements may be calculated using drained stiffnesses where E′/s_{u initial} has a value of around 65; (2) post-construction settlements can be calculated using a coefficient of secondary compression, Cα equal to 0.015; (3) a rapid increase in undrained shear strength occurred when loading the soil up to a value of s_u equal to around 30 kPa. The value of s_u/σ_v′ was as high as 0.5 at this stage. With further loading the strength increase was more modest and s_u/σ_v fell to around 0.25 for a vertical effective stress of 160 kPa; (4) for the undrained stability analyses of the trial dike, the mean vane shear-strength profile provided an appropriate assessment of the short-term factor of safety against failure, 5) For the drained stability analyses of the trial dike, lower bound effective strength parameters for the foundation and embankment fill (c′=0, φ′=30° and c′=2 kN/m², φ′=33°, respectively), combined with field measurements of end of construction pore water pressures provided an analysis which was broadly compatible with the undrained analysis; and (6) the trial dike has been stable, pre- and post-construction, because of the well drained nature of its foundation which prevented the build up of high pore water pressures and led to rapid consolidation. Received: 22 June 1998 · Accepted: 30 October 1998  相似文献   

METHODS FOR MONITORING AND ASSESSING SANDY DESERTIFICATION IN THE NORTH CHINA     

中国沙漠 《中国沙漠》1999,19(1):2

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｌａｎｄｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇｑｕｉｃｋ－ｌｙｏｖｅｒｌａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｍ－ｐａｃｔｅｄ１１ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｓａｎｄ２１２ｃｏｕｎｔｉｅｓ...  相似文献   

Monitoring soil moisture dynamics using satellite imaging radar in northeastern Jordan     

K. J. Tansey  A. C. Millington  A. M. Battikhi  K. H. White 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1999,19(4):603

This paper describes how synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the European Environmental Remote Sensing (ERS) satellite series were used to derive estimates of near-surface soil moisture for seasonally vegetated and bare soil surfaces in the area of the Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme (BRDP). Data were acquired between March 1995 and April 1998, covering both wet and dry seasons. A surface scattering model was calibrated using field data: first to understand how soil moisture affects the SAR signal and, secondly, to predict the response of the SAR signal to changes in volumetric soil moisture. Good agreement between predicted and observed estimates was obtained. Model inversion allowed soil moisture predictions to be made that were deemed realistic in terms of soil moisture values.  相似文献   

Complex effusive events at Kīlauea as documented by the GOES satellite and remote video cameras     

A. J. L. Harris  C. R. Thornber 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,61(6):382-395

 GOES provides thermal data for all of the Hawaiian volcanoes once every 15 min. We show how volcanic radiance time series produced from this data stream can be used as a simple measure of effusive activity. Two types of radiance trends in these time series can be used to monitor effusive activity: (a) Gradual variations in radiance reveal steady flow-field extension and tube development. (b) Discrete spikes correlate with short bursts of activity, such as lava fountaining or lava-lake overflows. We are confident that any effusive event covering more than 10,000 m² of ground in less than 60 min will be unambiguously detectable using this approach. We demonstrate this capability using GOES, video camera and ground-based observational data for the current eruption of Kīlauea volcano (Hawai'i). A GOES radiance time series was constructed from 3987 images between 19 June and 12 August 1997. This time series displayed 24 radiance spikes elevated more than two standard deviations above the mean; 19 of these are correlated with video-recorded short-burst effusive events. Less ambiguous events are interpreted, assessed and related to specific volcanic events by simultaneous use of permanently recording video camera data and ground-observer reports. The GOES radiance time series are automatically processed on data reception and made available in near-real-time, so such time series can contribute to three main monitoring functions: (a) automatically alerting major effusive events; (b) event confirmation and assessment; and (c) establishing effusive event chronology. Received: 12 January 1999 / Accepted: 13 July 1999  相似文献   

Polluted River Systems: Monitoring and Assessment of Ecotoxicological Risks     

G. Van der Velde  R. S. E. W. Leuven 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(5):251-256

In the past chemical, ecological, and toxicological research was carried out in a separate way. Nowadays, more and more studies are undertaken considering these three approaches in an integrated way (triad studies). A sophisticated combination of chemical and biological monitoring and bioassays can improve water quality management of polluted rivers. Application of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), algorithms for mixture toxicity of known substances, chemical group parameters, and response-oriented sum parameters, may reduce uncertainties in ecotoxicological risk management.  相似文献   

以信息化为手段 实现全行业在线监测     

龚威 《国土资源信息化》2010,(1):55-57,80

按照管理、办理、监测三条主线相分离的工作要求,建立行业在线监测机制,以信息化为手段,以基础数据和监测指标为量纲,实时在线监测规划和国土资源行业的行业动态和行政行为。  相似文献   

渤海油田大位移井下套管设计难点及对策研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈立强  王晓鹏  吴智文  邵宇航  薛懿伟  王栋森 《探矿工程》2020,47(3):23-30

渤海油田大位移井套管下入困难的问题亟待解决。本文以渤海油田一口大位移水平井A井为例,从设计的角度分析了该井φ244.5 mm套管下放技术难点,并利用LANDMARK软件对影响套管下放的因素进行了分析,结果表明,轨道造斜点的提高、表层套管下深的增加、超大稳斜角条件下套管磅级的减轻、摩阻系数的降低、漂浮段长的增加均能减小套管下放的摩擦力,提高套管下放悬重。通过逐一优选A井轨道造斜点、表层套管下深、套管磅级、摩阻系数、漂浮段长,最终设计A井φ244.5 mm套管采用漂浮法下入,漂浮段长1200 m,预测套管下放到位的悬重与实测值的相对误差为6.34%,在工程误差允许范围内。制定了渤海油田大位移井下套管设计流程,设计过程中,应综合考虑轨道造斜点、表层套管下深、套管磅级、摩阻系数、漂浮段长对套管下放悬重的影响,优选最优方案,确保套管顺利下放。  相似文献   

Optimization methodology for a river temperature monitoring network for the characterization of fish thermal habitat     

Anik Daigle  Arnaud Caudron  Laure Vigier  Hervé Pella 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(3):483-497

A methodology for planning an optimized river water temperature monitoring network is presented. The methodology is based on sampling of the physio-climatic variability of the region to be monitored. Physio-climatic metrics are selected to describe the study region, based on principal component analysis. The sites to be monitored are then identified based on a k-means clustering in the multidimensional space defined by the selected metrics. The methodology is validated on an existing dense water temperature network in Haute-Savoie, France. Different configurations of more or less dense network scenarios are evaluated by assessing their ability to estimate water temperature indices at ungauged locations. An optimized network containing 83 sites is found to provide satisfactory estimations for seven ecologically and biologically meaningful thermal indices defined to characterize brown trout thermal habitat.  相似文献   

A Research on the 2014 Wenzhou M4.2 Earthquake in the Shanxi Reservoir     

Zou Zhenxuan  Ma Zhijiang  Zhou Xinmin  Zhang Fan  Li Jun  Li Jinlong 《中国地震研究》2017,31(4):455-462

Complete records of more than 3,000 earthquake events in the Shanxi, Wenzhou reservoir earthquake sequence were recorded from August to November,2014 by the high-density,high-resolution monitoring stations of the Zhejiang Regional Digital Seismic Network and the reservoir earthquake monitoring network,with a maximum magnitude of M4. 2. Based on 3-D epicenter location, focal mechanism solutions, and in combination with the geological and tectonic characteristics of the reservoir area,the earthquake sequence is discussed in this paper. The linear fitting of the Hypo SAT location results show that the main shock occurred in the NW trending fault and the earthquake sequence is concentrated in bands along the active faults,with a strike of305 °,dipping SW with dip angle of 85 °. By using P-wave first motion symbols, we obtained the average focal mechanism of M ≥ 3. 5 earthquakes,with a strike 308 ° and dip 84 ° for nodal plane II. The field geological survey and research show that the strike,dip and rake of nodal plane II are roughly consistent with the occurrence of the Shuangxi-Jiaoxi fault. The comprehensive analysis reveals that the NW-trending Shuangxi-Jiaoxi fault is the seismogenic structure of the earthquakes.  相似文献